Monday, 27 July 2020

How To Stay Motivated To Work Out


Setting aside some time to go for a 45-minute walk isn’t always easy. We all live busy lives and between family and work, fitting in a workout isn’t always possible. 

What if I told you that you didn’t have to dedicate a set block of time for your walking workouts? What if you could get the same health benefits by working in a little more activity here and there throughout your day?

 And what if there was a fun little gadget that helped you stay motivated to work out more?

There is and it’s called a pedometer. You can pick up an inexpensive model at your local superstore or order it from Amazon. Or you can go with something a little fancier like a Fitbit for example. 

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But before you head out to spend any money, check your smartphone. Many models have a pedometer built-in. All you need to do is download a free app and you’re good to go.

How To Stay Motivated To Work Out

The pedometer will track how many steps you take on any given day. It will also track how many minutes you’ve spent being active and how many miles you’ve walked. 

In other words, it keeps track of how much exercise you get during your day. And the good news is that it doesn’t matter if you head out after work for a 45-minute walk, or if you work out in little spurts here and there throughout the day.

Maybe you start your day by parking a little further away from the office and walking a couple of hundred extra steps. Then you take a quick stroll during your lunch break. 

You wrap up your day by walking around the park while your kids play. And just like that, you’ve gotten your exercise in without having to block out any additional time.

Give it a try. Put on a pedometer, or start tracking with that phone you’re always carrying around anyway and see how much you’re walking around any given day. From there, try to get a little more active as time goes by until you hit your stepping goal. 

For most of us 10,000 steps per day is a good long-term goal, but if you’re feeling more ambitious than that, go for it.

Keeping track of your steps is very motivating. Looking at your pedometer and realizing you’re 2,000 steps away from your daily goal may be just the motivation you need to head out for that after-dinner stroll.

Thursday, 23 July 2020

High Prolactin Levels - Hyperprolactinemia

High Prolactin Levels: How to reduce it


High prolactin levels otherwise known as hyperprolactinemia is a relatively common condition in women. Many women with normal ovaries but experiencing irregular periods may have unusually high prolactin levels. 

Also, women who produce breast milk when they are not pregnant (galactorrhea) may also have high levels of prolactin. In this article, we will discuss the causes of high prolactin levels, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

  What is hyperprolactinemia?

Hyperprolactinemia is a condition when there are abnormally high levels of the hormone called prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. The primary functions of prolactin is to enhance breast development during pregnancy and to help in the production of breast milk after childbirth. 

So, high prolactin levels are expected during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. High levels of prolactin can also affect the levels of hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone in men and women.

What are the common causes of high prolactin levels

Common causes of hyperprolactinemia include:

-Prolactinomas: These are tumors that grow on the pituitary gland producing high levels of prolactin. These tumors are usually small and benign meaning they are not cancerous. The symptoms differ according to sex and include headaches and vision problems.

-Prescription medicines for conditions like:
  • Hypertension(calcium channel blockers and methyldopa)
  • Depression
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Pain(opiates)
  • Heartburn and gastroesophageal disorders
  • Mental health disorders( Risperdal and haloperidol)
  • Menopausal symptoms (estrogen)
-Hypothyroidism: A condition where the thyroid gland is not producing enough thyroid hormones.
-Cirrhosis of the liver
-Cushing syndrome
-Chest wall injuries or conditions like shingles
-Herbs like red clover and fenugreek


High Prolactin Levels(hyperprolactinemia)

What are the symptoms of high prolactin levels 

High prolactin levels can cause symptoms that vary according to sex.
In women it can cause:
  • Irregular or missed periods
  • Production of breast milk when not pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Infertility
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Loss of libido
  • Breast pain
In men it can cause:
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Loss of libido
  • Infertility( low sperm production)
  • Production of breast milk
  • Abnormal growth of breast(gynecomastia)
In some cases, there are no symptoms at all.

How is hyperprolactinemia diagnosed

When hyperprolactinemia is suspected, the doctor will usually ask for a blood test to determine if truly the prolactin levels are elevated. If it is, other tests are carried out to rule out conditions like hypothyroidism. 

Doctors will also ask about medications currently being used for other health conditions and pregnancy will also be tested for. If a tumor is suspected, an MRI( magnetic resonance imaging) is done to determine if there is a prolactinoma.

How is hyperprolactinemia treated

Treatment will depend on what the root cause of the high levels of prolactin is and is focused on returning the prolactin levels to normal.
Treatment may include:
  • Thyroid replacement drugs if hypothyroidism is the cause.
  • Replacement of medicines used to treat other conditions causing the elevation of prolactin levels.
  • Surgery, if there is a prolactinoma that is not responding to drugs.
  • Drugs

Drugs used to treat hyperprolactinemia

Cabergoline(Parlodel) and bromocriptine are the most common drugs to treat hyperprolactinemia. Treatment with these drugs continues until the symptoms lessen or pregnancy occurs if that is the goal. 

Bromocriptine is taken two to three times a day while Cabergoline is long-acting and taken twice weekly under a doctor's supervision. Common side effects are nausea, dizziness, and headache.


Torre DL. (2007). Pharmacological causes of hyperprolactinemia.

Monday, 29 June 2020

What is Endometriosis?


This is a disorder in women in which tissues that normally lines the uterus called the endometrium grow outside the uterus on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis.

Sign and symptoms of endometriosis 

  • Painful periods: This severe pain may begin before and well into the period
  • Abnormal periods: This may be heavy bleeding during periods, irregular periods, or spotting.
  • Pain during sexual intercourse in the back, lower abdomen, pelvis, rectum, or vagina
  • Adhesions i.e. tissues binding the pelvic organ together
  • Pain with bowel movement or urination
  • Infertility
  • Fatigue and tenderness
  • The severity of the symptoms doesn’t indicate the degree or stage of the condition. Some may have a mild form of the disease and experience agonizing pain while some people may have a severe form and experience little or no symptoms.
What is endometriosis

Diagnosis of endometriosis

The symptoms of endometriosis can be similar to symptoms of other conditions like ovarian cysts and pelvic inflammatory disease. Your doctor will do one or more of the following.

  • Take a detailed history of your symptoms and family history of endometriosis.
  • Physical examination
  • Your doctor may use a transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound to produce images of your organs to identify cysts associated with endometriosis.
  • Laparoscopy: A minor surgery is done to view the lesions and remove them at the same time.

Stages of endometriosis

There are four stages of this condition

Stage 1: Minimal

Small lesions, shallow endometrial implants on the ovary

Stage 2: Mild

Light lesions and shallow implants on the ovary and pelvic lining.

Stage 3: Moderate

Deep implants on the ovary and pelvic lining.

Stage 4: Severe

Deep implants on the pelvic lining and ovaries. Lesions on the Fallopian tubes and the bowel

Treatment of endometriosis

Endometriosis has no cure but its symptoms can be managed. Treatment options include:

Pain medication

Hormonal therapy 

This helps to reduce pain, regulate the hormonal changes that promote tissue growth occurring during endometriosis. These hormonal treatments include:

  • Hormonal contraceptives like birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings can reduce or eliminate pain in severe endometriosis. They work by preventing the monthly build-up of the endometrial tissue.
  • Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone(GnRH) agonists and antagonists – These block production of estrogen which is responsible for the development of female sexual characteristics. Blocking estrogen prevents menstruation and leads to artificial menopause.

Conservative Surgery

This is done to remove abnormal endometrial growths without damaging the reproductive organs.

Hysterectomy

 During a total hysterectomy, the surgeon removes the uterus, ovaries, and any visible lesions. This is the last option if the condition does not improve with other treatment options. 

This is a rather radical treatment and you should seek a second opinion before agreeing to this especially if you want to have children.

Do you suspect your symptoms may indicate endometriosis? Consult your doctor as soon as possible for proper diagnosis and management.


Endometriosis: Symptoms, treatment, diagnosis. (n.d.).
obgyn.ucla.edu/endometriosis

Facts about endometriosis. (n.d.).
endometriosis.org/resources/articles/facts-about-endometriosis/

Endometriosis. (2019).
womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/endometriosis

Health Benefits Of Walking


There are a lot of good reasons to go for a walk. It’s fun, it’s relaxing and most important it’s good for your health. But what exactly are the health benefits of walking?

Walking Gets You Outside In The Fresh Air and Sunshine

No matter how fast or slow you walk, walking gets you outside and in the fresh air. This alone will make you feel better as your body absorbs oxygen and sunshine. Both are important for your health and well-being.

You will find the air quality outside will be much better than the air inside your house. Of course, the sunshine outside will help your body produce all the Vitamin D it needs.

Health benefits of walking

Walking Can Help You Get To And Maintain A Healthy Weight

Walking particularly at a quick pace and doing it regularly can help you get to and then maintain a healthy weight. Yes, you still need to watch what you eat and aim for a healthy diet, but walking can be another tool to help you drop the extra weight.

The nice thing about walking when you’re overweight is that you burn a lot of calories, even on short and slow walks. As you start to lose weight, your overall strength and endurance increases, allowing you to walk longer, further, and faster.

Walking Improves Your Sense Of Balance And Coordination

As you walk, particularly when walking over rougher terrain, you’re also working on your sense of balance and coordination. Just getting in the habit of going for a daily walk will help. But you can work even more on your sense of balance by moving your head around. Turn your head to the right and left as you walk for a count of 30. Then move your head up and down for a count of 30. Doing these simple exercises once or twice as you walk each day will be of great benefit.

Walking Strengthens Your Bones and Muscles

Even though walking is a low-impact form of exercise, it helps to strengthen and tone your body. If you’re just starting out, it is all you need to start to get into better shape. As you get more fit, consider adding weight lifting exercises in addition to your daily walks to continue to get stronger and help develop strong muscles and bones.

Walking Will Boost Your Mood and Fight Depression

The exercise of walking releases endorphins that will help lift your mood and can even reduce depression. Give it a try. The next time you’re feeling tired or are in a bad mood, lace up your sneakers and go for a brisk walk. It works!

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